Multipointed electrode



April 27, 1948. R. GY. HANNEMAN 2,440,370

y- MULTI-POINTED ELECTRODE Filed Jan. 25, 1947 HH+H+1H+H HMH-1+ i...u.....!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! A 7' TORNE YJ Patented Apr. 27, 1948 2,440,370 MULTIPoIN'rEn ELEo'TRoDE Robert Gorden Hanneman,

Cleveland, Ohio, as-

signor to Air-Maze Corporation, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Delaware Application January 23, 1947, Serial No. 723,704

(Cl. Z50-27.5)

3 Claims.

'Ihis invention relates to improvements in electrodes and more particularly to discharge electrodes normally employing voltages of the order of a few thousand volts up to ten thousand volts or higher.

An object of the present invention is to provide an electrode of the type described having a high emission eiciency.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrode of novel construction providing an enormous number of separate emission points arranged in a novel manner so that they may be evenly spaced and oriented 360 degrees about a central axis.

Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrode adapted to be constructed of cheap material easily obtainable and yet having a large emitting surface, great inherent strength and adapted for long use without failure.

Other objects and advantages of the present invention will appear from the accompanying specification and drawings and the essential features thereof will be set forth in the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a fragmental front elevational View of a particle-collecting panel using my improved electrode;

Fig. 2 is a transverse sectional the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a greatly enlarged side elevational view of one of the electrodes of Fig. 1 and taken approximately along the line 3-3 thereof;

Fig. 4 is a greatly enlarged view of vthe untwisted material from which the twisted electrode of Fig. 3 is formed;

Fig. 5 is an enlarged sectional View taken along the line 5-5 of Fig. 1; while Fig. 6 is a View showing another embodiment of my invention.

In the form of my invention shown in Figs. 1, 2 and 5, I have chosen to illustrate a particle collecting panel like that shown and described in my copending application, Serial No. 660,312, led April 8, 1946, to which reference may be had for further description if necessary. The panel shown in Fig. 1 is similar to that disclosed in Fig. 11 of the above-mentioned copending application. It comprises a frame I0 in which is mounted a zig-zag collecting electrode II of sheet form and preferably of woven screen either bare or covered with flocking material. If desired, other collecting electrodes IIa may be provided in the form of flat sheets of screen material extending across the front and back of the panel as shown view taken along 2 in Figs.. l and 2. A series of discharge electrodes I2 constructed according to my present invention are supplied intermediate the zig-Zag folds as clearly shown in Fig. 2. Each of these electrodes I2 is constructed of a twisted length of screen wire as shown in Fig. 3, and which will be later described more in detail. At its lower end, each of the electrodes I2 is secured to the hooklike 10' end I 3a of a holder I3whch in turn is mounted in' an insulator I4. Plates I5 secured to the frame I0 hold the insulators in position. A wire I0 welded to the holder I3 supplies the electrical charge to the electrode I2. At the upper end each electrode is secured to the hOoklike end I'Ia of a holder I'Iwhich is 'mounted in an insulator I8 held in position by plates I9 secured to the frame I0. A spring 20 in a cuplike recess of the insulator It presses' against the head I'Ib of the holder Il so as to place the electrode I2 under tension. In practice, the electrodes I2 are given an' electrostatic charge of one sign while the'collecting electrodes II are given a charge of the opposite sign.` For instance. in one form of my invention. I provide a power pack, not shown, and connect the negative side thereof to the Wire IIS which supplies a charge to all of the electrodes I2. The other side of the power pack is connected through ground to the electrodes II.

Referring now to Figs. 3 and 4, my present invention contemplates the construction of the electrodes I2 from a long narrow strip of fine mesh wire screen twisted about its central axis. Fig. l is slightly enlarged as to the electrodes I2, while Figs. 3 and 4 are very greatly enlarged as will presently appear. In one form of my invention, the strip of Fig. 4 is formed from a standard copper screen woven `'meshes to the inch from wire having a diameter of .0035 inch and the openings in the mesh measure .0046 inch across. In preparing the electrode, I prefer to remove the two outermost strands of longitudinally extending wire, the original position of which is indicated in Fig. 4 by the dot-dash lines 2 I. In this embodiment, I-have left ve longitudinal wires 22, although the number of such wires may be varied as desired, as will readily be understood by those skilled in this art. The untwisted strip, as illustrated in Fig. 4, would consist of iive longitudinally extending wires and an extremely large number of short laments 23 extending crosswise thereof, there being approximately 120 of such wires per inch of electrode when formed as just described. The free ends 23a extending laterally beyond the outermost longitudinally extending wire would each be of a length equal to 0.10 to .013 inch in the embodiment illustrated. Each of these ends 23a is a wire .0035 inch in diameter, as previously mentioned, and the myriad of sharp points thus exposed on each electrode l2 gives a very high emission efficiency.

The strip of Fig. 4 is preferably twisted about its central longitudinal axis which I have shown in Fig. `-3 as 'clearly :aspossblen this type of drawing. `It Hresults from this construction that the points 23a are thus arranged in two helices, each regularly arranged about the central longitudinal axis of the electrode l2. lt results from this construction #also that the points 23a are arranged progressively in "a Vserie'sffezaich'ofIvvhich is oriented at a slightly diierentanglefrelative to the electrode axis as compared to the adjacent point 23a above or below it. The distance between adjacent points 23a thus becomes somewhat greater than the spacing shown in the-untwisted strip of Fig. 4.

It will be :noted -withireferencc to fFigS...1 and'2 Lthat 'the .arrangement 'oi lthe :points 23a in ltwo helices as described in 'connection with fFig. 3,

provides a series vof emission ..points`.2,3a oriented about 360 degrees fand 'tend to :send electrostatic charges in every :direction "toward'the collecting electrodes H iandll'a. Thus, anyparticlespass- Jing 'through -the `panel inthe `.direction of the arrows 'of Fig. 2 Awill r`have to :pass-through the electrostatic eld Iin order to lget through the electrode Il.

It results also 'from the aboveconstructi'on that the Adischarge from .the 4electrode i'2`vis very f even along the entire length thereof Tand -is not Vconcentrated at variousipoi-nts as .iswso :common in electrodesof this type. The woven-wire structure of Figs. `3 and -4 will :be trecognized as a =very strong `physical :construction adapted vto Awithstand tension and abusewithout breaking. .There is some inherentflexi'bility in--thetwisted electrode 'of Fig. 3 and provide additionalfresiliency .by the use of thespri-ng 2u as illustratedinFig. 5.

Another use of my invention is rillustrated somewhat -diagrammatically .in Fig. 6. -Here I have shown arectifying'tube -24 to ywhich altern'atingcurrent is Yfed so Aas toproduce a-pulsating direct current in a well -known manner. The

additional emissivity, particularly im 'ode in all directions towardthe anode. The open character of the screen meshfelectrode provide-s h...the case of l'gas Yfilled tubes.

vWhat I claim is:

`1. electrode comprising a stripoi wovenjys.

screen fhaving f filamentscrossingvv atA right angles; y

-there'teing iong--fnaments running iengtnwiseo saidstrip and aseries of short larients running j Icrosswise thereof, said short larnentsextending laterally beyond said long laments providing-fa series of sharp points along the side of said strip,

yand :said strip being twisted about a central axis -generali-yparallel to said long ilaments.

.2. An electrode comprising a strip of woven screen havingmetal-laments crossing at right angles, there being a vplurality of parallel long filaments running lengthwise of said 'strip and aseries'of parallel vshort yiilaments evenly spaced and running crosswise of said strip, said short filaments extending laterally beyond said long iilamentson each vside o-f said strip providing two series of lsharp points, and said strip being twisted -about a central -a-xisgenerally parallel to said long filaments Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,440,370. April 27, 1948.

ROBERT GORDEN HANNEMAN It is hereby certified that error appears in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows: Column 2, line 55, for 0.10 read .010 and that the said Letters Patent should be read With this correction therein that the same may conform to the record of the case in the Patent Oce.

Signed and sealed this 29th day of June, A. D. 1948.

[SEAL] THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant ommzssz'oner of Paten-ts. 

